In preparing for a persuasive debate, participants should carefully study the topic and gather a meaningful basis of facts and arguments to prove the validity of their opinion. Impromptu debates are often seen more as public speaking, as speeches can lie between stand-up routines and the reputation of nations, depending on the topic given to participants. Participants will receive a list of abstract topics at the beginning of the event and create a speech on the topic of their choice. [31] This is a traditional form of Buddhist debate that has been influenced by earlier Indian forms. [52] This style, widely developed in Tibet, includes two individuals, one acting as a challenger (questioner) and the other as a defender (answering machine). Debaters must rely on memorizing teaching points, definitions, illustrations and even the entire text, as well as on their own level of understanding gained through teaching and study. Each person in the debate receives a constructive speech, a rebuttal speech, is questioned by the other party for three minutes after their constructive speech and has three minutes to ask questions of the other party. A debate lasts about an hour and a half and breaks down as follows. Each of the six speakers (three affirmative and three negative) speaks one after the other, starting with the affirmative team. The order of speech is as follows: first affirmative, first negative, second positive, second negative, third affirmative and finally third negative.

[25] The debate ends with a closing statement by the last speaker from each team. “Enquiry points” (a question or statement that interrupts), better known as “POINTS OF INTEREST”, are used in debates at the Australian and New Zealand secondary school level. The task of the 2AC is to respond to all the arguments put forward in the 1NC. Although it is formally referred to as “constructive” discourse, it is best to view the 2AC as a rebuttal, as this is how it works in modern political debate. Ways to address many types of negative arguments, and general suggestions for giving a strong 2AC, are discussed in the rest of the book. 2ACs should also be prepared to answer basic questions about their speech and then ask questions at 2NC. The Lincoln-Douglas debate is primarily a form of debate in the United States high school (although there is a college-Lincoln-Douglas debate) and is named after the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858. [Citation needed] It is an individual course that applies philosophical theories to real problems. Debaters usually switch sides from one round to the next, either as “affirmatives” who support the resolution or as “negatives” who attack it. The resolution, which changes every two months and usually asks if a particular policy or measure corresponds to a certain value.

[Citation needed] The Asian debates are largely an adaptation of the Australasian format. The only difference is that each speaker has 7 minutes of speaking time, and there are information points (POI) offered by the opposing team between the 2nd and 6th minute of the speech. This means that the 1st and 7th minutes are considered the “protected” period during which points of interest cannot be offered to the speaker. [55] In jurisdictions that elect high-ranking political office holders, such as the president or prime minister, candidates sometimes debate publicly, usually during a general election campaign. The Canadian Parliament`s style of debate includes a “government team” and an “opposition team.” On the “government” side, there is the “Prime Minister” and the “Minister of the Crown.” On the “opposition” side, there is the “leader of the opposition” and the “shadow minister”. [Citation needed] The debate is structured, with each party speaking in a certain order and for a defined period of time. However, unlike cross-examination debate – another dominant style of debate in Canada – parliamentary debate includes parliamentary rules and allows for interruptions for points of order. Once the 2AC has reacted to the negative arguments, the negative must be ready to defend them in the next two discourses – the 2NC and the 1NR.

You can think of both speeches as a huge rebuttal, with both debaters responding to the 2AC`s arguments. A feature of the Tibetan Buddhist style of debate is the hand gestures used by debaters. When the challenger addresses his question to the seated defender for the first time, his right hand is held above the shoulder at the level of his head and the left hand is extended forward with the palm turned upwards. At the end of his testimony, the challenger interrupts him by hitting hard in his hands and trampling his left foot at the same time. They then immediately remove their right hand with the palm held upwards and at the same time hold their left hand with the palm facing down. This movement of withdrawal and applause is done with the flow of a dancer`s movements. [Neutrality is controversial] Holding the left hand after clapping symbolizes closing the door to rebirth in the helpless state of cyclical existence. [Neutrality is controversial] The withdrawal and elevation of the right hand symbolizes his own will to take all sentient beings out of cyclical existence and establish them in the omniscience of Buddhahood. The left hand represents “wisdom” – the “antidote” to cyclical existence. The right hand represents the “method” – the altruistic intention to be enlightened, motivated by great love and compassion for all sentient beings.

To applaud represents a union of method and wisdom. [53] This chapter was intended to give you a basic idea of what a debate looks like and the task of each party and debater. This is followed by specific advice for debating certain types of arguments and more about the responsibilities of each speaker. In Paris, two teams of five people debate a specific proposal. One team will try to defend the movement while the other team will attack the movement. The debate is judged by the quality of the arguments, the strength of the rhetoric, the charisma of the speaker, the quality of the humor, the ability to think on one`s feet, and teamwork. .